据专家们评论，奥巴马总统雄心勃勃的“登月”治愈癌症计划恰逢最佳时机。
2016年1月12日，奥巴马总统在美国国情咨文中对拜登的癌症任务表示赞同。
“去年，副总统拜登表示，随着新的登月计划，美国能够治愈癌症，”奥巴马说。 “今晚，我宣布一个新的国家使命来完成它。上个月，他与国会合作给予了美国国立卫生研究院科学家们过去十年中最强的资源。”
拜登的计划是为癌症研究增加资金，并“打破孤岛”，使研究人员能够更好地携手合作，“在它的轨道消灭癌症。” 去年五月，前特拉华州美国参议员拜登的儿子博 · 拜登在死于脑癌，美国国会在12月通过了政府开支法案，获得了$ 264亿元来资助美国国家癌症研究所。
奥巴马宣布新的抗癌行动，“这是一个很好的时机来做这件事，美国癌症协会的奥的斯 · 布劳利博士说。
“更重要的是，研究推进比以往更加迅速”，美国癌症研究协会主席，纪念斯隆－凯瑟琳癌症中心首席医疗官，何塞 · 巴塞尔加博士说。 “这个领域已获得极其丰富的知识，现在我们已经准备就绪。” 巴塞尔加告诉NBC新闻。
“这是癌症研究的黄金时期”， MD安德森癌症中心得克萨斯大学校长罗纳德·德贫厚博士也表示了同样的观点。
注;美国希望之光医疗翻译
美国总统巴拉克·奥巴马并不打算悄悄离去。他在1月12日对国会发表的国情咨文中宣布将发起一项寻找癌症治愈疗法的“登月计划”，由此开启了自己在白宫的最后一年任期。
奥巴马在演讲中说，美国副总统乔·拜登去年曾说过，如果发起一个新的“登月计划”，美国将能治愈癌症。
上个月，拜登与国会合作给美国国立卫生研究院提供了过去10多年来最有力的预算支持。奥巴马宣布发起“新的国家努力”，拜登将担任该计划的负责人。
拜登的长子博·拜登于去年因脑癌去世。此后，拜登宣布不参加2016年总统大选，并表示将在剩余的副总统任期内投身抗癌事业，希望把战胜癌症作为美国的下一个“登月计划”。
癌症“登月计划”的细节依然模糊不清。拜登表示他在最近几个月中已经同近200位医生、研究人员和慈善家进行了讨论，并打算继续寻求这样的投入。
迄今为止，拜登已经承诺将增加可用资源以治疗癌症，并找到适合癌症人群共同工作以及共享信息的方式。其目标是使攻克癌症的进度翻一番，在5年内取得否则将用10年完成的进展。
拜登同时还指出了他认为亟须解决的问题。只有5%的癌症患者参与了临床试验，他在国情咨文期间发表的一份声明中指出，许多肿瘤学家只能够有限地接触到最新的癌症治疗进展。
拜登承诺，就像他在3个月前首次暗示的那样，这项计划将会得到癌症患者、研究人员和生物技术产业的欢迎。
纽约市纪念斯隆凯特林癌症中心癌症研究人员、美国癌症研究协会会长Jose Baselga指出，癌症治疗的最新进展——包括利用免疫系统和靶向特殊肿瘤基因突变的治疗——将癌症研究带到了一个历史转折点。
Baselga表示：“现在正是为支撑和建立我们的基础科学根基的癌症科学开辟新领域的大好时机。”
在奥巴马此次的国情咨文中，气候变化则是另一个重要主题。
奥巴马建议美国要追赶新的清洁能源技术，进而减少温室气体排放。他同时对那些对人类活动正在改变气候的观念持怀疑态度的人表现得没有多少耐心。
科学家和环保人士说，奥巴马已经做了他在面对共和党人对广泛气候政策不妥协态度时所能做的一切。最值得注意的是，他的政府已经提出了先进的法规，从而使车辆更高效节能，并控制现有和未来的发电厂污染。
在国际方面，奥巴马承诺，美国到2025年将使其碳排放量在2005年的水平上减少26%，并帮助确保去年12月在法国巴黎举行的联合国气候峰会上达成的一项新的全球气候协议。
但奥巴马在气候问题上还是无法弥合国内的政治分歧。并且在余下的一年时间里，他几乎没有多少余地提出任何重大倡议对抗气候变暖。
在他的讲话中，最现实的一个承诺是承诺“改变我们管理石油和煤炭资源的方式，使它们更好地反映对于纳税人和我们的地球的价值”。
新泽西州普林斯顿大学气候科学家Michael Oppenheimer表示：“总体而言，这一讲话提高了气候变化的重要性，但让听众对于如何向前迈进以落实工作的细节变得更为渴望。”
加利福尼亚大学圣地亚哥分校政治学家David Victor强调，奥巴马可能屈从于不切实际地认为部署清洁能源和减少温室气体排放能够省钱，而不是提高能源的成本。Victor说：“实际上没有一个严肃的分析师会这样认为。”但Victor赞扬奥巴马强调技术创新和国际合作，即使他没有特别提及联合国在巴黎达成的气候协议。 （科学网编译：赵熙熙）
For his last State of the Union address, President Obama announced the launch of a "moon shot" to cure cancer. While there are not many specifics on the ambitious proposal, Obama announced that Vice President Joe Biden will lead the initiative. Biden's son, former Delaware Attorney General Beau Biden, died at the age of 46 last year after a battle with brain cancer.
"Let’s make America the country that cures cancer once and for all," Obama said last night.
Biden wrote about his plans for the initiative on his verified Medium account, saying he wanted to "increase resources -- both private and public -- to fight cancer" and "break down silos and bring all the cancer fighters together" to share information and work together.
"Innovations in data and technology offer the promise to speed research advances and improve care delivery," Biden wrote. "But the science, data, and research results are trapped in silos, preventing faster progress and greater reach to patients. It’s not just about developing game-changing treatments -- it’s about delivering them to those who need them."
Biden pointed out that only 5 percent of cancer patients take part in clinical trials and that community oncologists, who treat 75 percent of cancer patients, do not have access to the latest technology.
Cancer experts today praised the president and the vice president and said the initiative could have a huge impact on the millions of Americans who have had or will have cancer.
Cancer research is in a critical stage as new breakthroughs in treatment and detection have given patients new hope, experts said. They explained to ABC News how cancer prevention, detection and treatment may change in the years to come.
Prevention
While scientists are constantly discovering new aspects of how cancers develop or return after treatment, experts say new prevention measures could put a huge dent in the number of expected cancer diagnoses.
Dr. Ron DePinho, president of the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, said breakthroughs in understanding how cancer develops means that researchers now describe "50 percent" of cancers as a preventable.
"Curbing smoking, HPV [Human papillomavirus] vaccination, sun protection during childhood -- all those things in childhood are really important in preventing cancer," DePinho said. "It’s the greatest gift we can give to the next generation."
德克萨斯大学MD Anderson癌症中心的主席认为： “在童年时期控制吸烟、人乳头瘤病毒HPV接种、防晒对于预防癌症是非常重要的”，“这是我们能给下一代的最好的礼物”
Dr. Otis Brawley, chief medical officer for the American Cancer Society, responded that more help is needed in encouraging and helping people to make decisions that lessen their cancer risk.
"Just as important as continuing to explore new science is a concerted effort to gather what we already know about cancer and find ways to apply these tools more effectively to save lives," Brawley said in a statement today. "If we applied what we already know about cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment, we could prevent a substantial proportion of the nearly 600,000 cancer deaths in the U.S. each year. These remarkable tools mean nothing if they sit unused, unavailable to those in need because of gaps in care caused by poverty and other factors."
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Detection
In the future, finding cancer early may be as simple as getting blood drawn.
One key area of cancer research could be finding better detection tools, DePinho said, noting that doctors are looking for and finding key biomarkers that could indicate cancer. He theorized new research into detection technology could someday lead to a blood test that could be administered during a physical check-up and catch cancer in its early stages.
"It can allow us to analyze different [cancer] beacons that signal early-stage cancer," DePinho explained, noting that "a simple and inexpensive blood test" could be an early stage win at helping drop mortality rates related to cancer.
The difference in surviving a stage 1 cancer or a stage 4 cancer is "staggering," DePinho said.
Treatment
One of the most exciting areas of cancer research is new therapies to treat cancers that were formerly death sentences. New cancer treatments that once seemed fantastical are now becoming reality. Recent clinical successes include immunotherapy treatments, where the immune system is "hacked" to fight the tumor, or medication designed to target a specific genetic pathway in a tumor.
In some studies of melanoma patients, doctors saw the "Lazarus" effect, where the patients came back from the brink of death thanks to specific new treatments aimed at reprogramming the body's t-cells to fight cancer, DePinho said.
"A first drug that has reawakened the immune system has generated a 23 percent cure rate," DePinho said, explaining that some people in these trials even had cancer that had spread to the brain. "They are alive with no evidence of disease."
Immunotherapy treatments can include taking out t-cells from the body and genetically engineering them so that they are primed to fight cancer in the body or using new technology to create cancer-targeting antibodies for patients.
Stan Gerson, director of the University Hospital Seidman Cancer Center and the National Cancer Institute designated Case Comprehensive Center, said these new breakthroughs have brought new hope to cancer experts, but that it would take sustained support and funding for the "cancer moon shot" to be successful.
"In that way it’s like going to the moon. It took a huge amount of technology to get that done," Gerson told ABC News. "I think we can all agree cancer is a much more difficult goal than going to the moon."
Gerson said he hopes the moon shot will help promote a streamlining and new trans-disciplinary approach to treating and detecting cancer by utilizing experts from different specialties. He expected future breakthroughs to happen when a host of experts come together -- from oncologists to genetic experts -- to look at cancer in different ways.
Additionally, one key part to improving patient care is streamlining bureaucracy so that patients can get easy access to new drugs or clinical trials, Gerson said.
"Right now I often fly a patient to another city to get access to the drug," Gerson explained. "We’ve got to develop the technology so the drug can fly here."
Access to data between hospitals and opening up clinical trials should all be parts of pushing the cancer battle forward, he said.
Dr. Jule Vose, president of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), said in addition to major technological breakthroughs in treatments, the way data is shared could have a huge impact in helping patients across the country. ASCO is currently working on a system to encourage sharing data between researchers and oncologists, she said. A mass system could mean doctors are able to find patterns in detection and successful cancer treatment responses that might otherwise be impossible to find, Vose said.
"We want to have a very large data system to try and put thousands and thousands of patients' information together, anonymously," Vose told ABC News. "We want to see if there is a rare type of cancer ... what happens to patients with that specific type of drug."
Additionally, patients need easy access to treatment that already exists, she said.
"I was thinking about getting the treatment for the patient, they don’t have insurance coverage or unable to afford the co-pay," Vose said. "Many of the oral medications, they cost $10,000 or $12,000 a month. Even if they have good insurance, if it’s a 20 percent copay it’s really unaffordable."
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