Higher fiber diets may help reduce circulating estrogen levels, which researchers say is part of the reduction in breast cancer incidence they saw in the new study. Photo by www.BillionPhotos.com/Shutterstock
新的研究表明：高纤维饮食可能有助于减少循环雌激素水平进而降低乳腺癌发病率。
美国哈佛大学公共卫生学院一项大型研究发现，女性在青少女、刚成年不久摄取大量蔬菜、水果，往後乳癌风险比未吃女性降低许多。研究成果於昨日发表於线上版《儿科》医学期刊。
研究首席作者玛莉安·法薇德表示，过去研究显示，纤维质摄取量与乳癌之间关系并不明显，不过没有人针对青少女、成年初期饮食做过研究，这段时期在乳癌风险高低上显得非常重要。这项研究显示，女性年轻时的饮食习惯会影响乳癌发生率，更年期之前的乳癌风险因子当中，很少有风险因子可以自己决定、调整，而这项风险因子正是自己可以决定、改变。
在这项研究中，研究人员分析第二次护理师健康研究中的九万零五百三十四名女性资料，这些女性年龄介於二十七岁到四十四岁，都在一九九一年参与研究计画，这些人每四年会填写一次问卷，让研究人员了解其饮食习惯，这些人也在一九九八年填写一次问卷，回答其高中时的纤维质摄取量。
研究追踪发现，女性如果在刚成年时摄取大量饮食纤维，乳癌风险可下降百分之十二到百分之十九，依每个人纤维质摄取量多寡而有不同。女性如果在青少女时期就摄取大量纤维质，整体乳癌风险可以降低百分之十六，更年期前乳癌风险则可以减少百分之二十四。
研究也发现，纤维质摄取量与乳癌发生率呈反比关系，成年期初期每天多摄取十公克纤维质，乳癌风险便减少百分之十三，十公克纤维质相当於一颗苹果搭配两片全麦面包，或半杯煮熟的腰豆搭配半杯花椰菜或菠菜。如果想要降低乳癌风险，透过蔬菜、水果摄取纤维质，帮助最大。
研究人员认为，如果血液中的雌激素浓度过高，较容易出现乳癌，而多吃含纤维质食物或可减少血液中的雌激素浓度，进而降低乳癌发生机率。【记者苏湘云／综合外电报导】
BOSTON, Feb. 1 (UPI) -- Higher levels of dietary fiber during adolescence and young adulthood was linked to a significantly lower risk of breast cancer, according to a large study.
Most Americans don't get the amount of fiber they should, researchers at Harvard University say, but women should pay particularly more attention.
"From many other studies we know that breast tissue is particularly influenced by carcinogens and anticarcinogens during childhood and adolescence," said Walter Willett, a professor of epidemiology and nutrition at Harvard University, in a press release. "We now have evidence that what we feed our children during this period of life is also an important factor in future cancer risk."
For the study, published in the journal Pediatrics, researchers analyzed dietary data from the Nurses' Health Study II collected in 1991 on 90,534 premenopausal women between the ages of 27 and 44, and from follow-up questionnaires completed by 44,263 of the women in 1998 on their high school diets.
The researchers documented 2,833 cases of invasive breast cancer during 20 years of follow-up from the initial questionnaire in 1991. There were 1,118 cases of breast cancer found while following up with the 44,263 women as well.
Risk for breast cancer was found to be between 12 and 19 percent lower among women who ate more fiber in early adulthood. Those who ate more fiber in adolescence saw a 16 percent overall lower risk and 24 percent lower risk of developing the disease before menopause.
For each additional 10 grams of fiber eaten daily during early adulthood, breast cancer risk declined by 13 percent.
"Previous studies of fiber intake and breast cancer have almost all been non-significant, and none of them examined diet during adolescence or early adulthood, a period when breast cancer risk factors appear to be particularly important," said Dr. Maryam Farvid, visiting scientist at Harvard Chan School of Public Health. "This work on the role of nutrition in early life and breast cancer incidence suggests one of the very few potentially modifiable risk factors for premenopausal breast cancer."
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