（摘要）一项新的研究表明：多食健康脂肪如坚果、种子和植物油,同时限制动物脂肪和精制碳水化合物,可以帮助预防控制2型糖尿病。
大量研究发现改变这样的饮食可以降低血糖水平,提高胰岛素敏感性。
波士顿Tufts大学Friedman 营养科学与政策学院院长Dariush Mozaffarian 说：“世界面临着抗胰岛素和糖尿病的流行风险”。我们的研究结果支持预防和治疗这些疾病“多食来自如核桃、向日葵,大豆,亚麻籽,鱼和其他植物油来替代细粮,淀粉,糖和动物脂肪。
“这是一个积极的信息，不要担心健康脂肪。” Dariush Mozaffarian说。
研究人员分析了来自4660名成年人的102项试验的结果，以评估不同类型的膳食脂肪和碳水化合物对2型糖尿病关键危险因素的影响。
发现富含单不饱和或不饱和脂肪的饮食比高碳水化合物或饱和脂肪有助于改善血糖控制。
研究结果发表在2016.07.19“公共科学图书馆-医学”杂志上
TUESDAY, July 19, 2016 -- Eating more healthy fats, like nuts, seeds and vegetable oils, while limiting animal fats and refined carbohydrates, can help prevent or control type 2 diabetes, new research suggests.
The large study found these dietary changes can lower blood sugar levels and improve insulin sensitivity.
"The world faces an epidemic of insulin resistance and diabetes. Our findings support preventing and treating these diseases by eating more fat-rich foods like walnuts, sunflower seeds, soybeans, flaxseed, fish and other vegetable oils and spreads, in place of refined grains, starches, sugars and animal fats," said study co-leader Dr. Dariush Mozaffarian. He is dean of the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University in Boston.
"This is a positive message for the public. Don't fear healthy fats," Mozaffarian said in a university news release.
Researchers analyzed results of 102 trials including 4,660 adults to evaluate how different types of dietary fat and carbohydrates affected key risk factors for type 2 diabetes.
The analysis, published July 19 in PLOS Medicine, involved studies that provided participants with meals with different amounts of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats and carbohydrates. The researchers assessed how these dietary differences affected measures of metabolic health, including blood sugar and insulin levels, as well insulin sensitivity and production.
Following a diet rich in monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fat instead of meals high in carbohydrates or saturated fat helps improve blood sugar control, the researchers found.
Previous studies have estimated that each 0.1 percent drop in HbA1C -- an indicator of long-term blood sugar control -- could reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes by 22 percent and heart disease by 6.8 percent, the researchers said.
"Among different fats, the most consistent benefits were seen for increasing polyunsaturated fats, in place of either carbohydrates or saturated fat," said the study's first author, Fumiaki Imamura, of the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit at the University of Cambridge in England.
The study authors said their findings should help inform doctors and patients about the effects of diet on metabolic health and the risk for type 2 diabetes.
"Until now, our understanding of how dietary fats and carbohydrates influence glucose, insulin and related risk factors has been based on individual studies with inconsistent findings," Imamura said. "By combining results from more than 100 trials, we provide the strongest evidence to date on how major nutrients alter these risks."
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