（摘要）一项新的研究表明，对于早期糖尿病患者控制血糖水平快走可能比慢跑更有效。
前期糖尿病病人通常血糖高于正常值，但不会高于完全成型的糖尿病。而这项“金标准”方法可用来预防糖尿病及减肥和锻炼。
研究报告的作者William Kraus说:“我们知道生活方式的改变能带来的好处...但是很难让病人连续做哪怕是一件事情,更不用说三四件事情”。于是，他和他的同事们想知道如果用单独锻炼来达到类似的效果。
这项研究由150人糖尿病前期病人，分为四组。一组遵循了黄金标准程序，包括低脂肪，低热量饮食和中等强度的运动相当于每星期快步走7.5英里。
其余被分配到三个运动组，分别是：中等强度等效低量轻快步履7.5英里/周；高量的中等强度轻快地步行11.5英里/周；及高量的剧烈强度相当于慢跑11.5英里/周。
六个月后，患者口服葡萄糖耐量平均提高9％，以机体处理糖的能力，用作预测糖尿病进展的指标。
结果显示:中等强度11.5英里的组改进7％;中等强度7.5英里的组提高5％;而剧烈的11.5英里的组仅改善2％。
William Kraus解释说:“高强度的运动趋向于燃烧葡萄糖比脂肪多，而中等强度的运动往往燃烧脂肪比葡萄糖更多”。
他说:“同时我们认为，中等强度运动的一个好处是，它燃烧的是肌肉中脂肪”,“这很重要，因为肌肉是存储餐后葡萄糖的主要地方。”
这项研究发表在7月15日糖尿病学杂志上。
注：1英里≈1.6公里 ；11.5英里≈18.5公里
WEDNESDAY, July 20, 2016 -- Brisk walking may be more effective than jogging in controlling blood sugar levels in people with prediabetes, a new study suggests.
People with prediabetes have higher-than-normal blood sugar levels but not so high that it's full-blown diabetes. The "gold standard" approach to diabetes prevention involves weight loss, diet and exercise.
"We know the benefits of lifestyle changes ... but it is difficult to get patients to do even one behavior, not to mention three," said study author Dr. William Kraus. So he and his colleagues wanted to know if exercise alone could achieve similar benefits.
"When faced with the decision of trying to do weight loss, diet and exercise versus exercise alone, the study indicates you can achieve nearly 80 percent of the effect of doing all three with just a high amount of moderate-intensity exercise," said Kraus, a professor of medicine at Duke University in Durham, N.C.
The study included 150 people with prediabetes who were divided into four groups. One group followed a gold-standard program that included a low-fat, low-calorie diet and moderate-intensity exercise equivalent to 7.5 miles of brisk walking a week.
The other participants were assigned to one of three exercise groups: low amount at moderate intensity equivalent to walking briskly for 7.5 miles a week; high amount at moderate intensity equal to walking briskly for 11.5 miles weekly; and high amount at vigorous intensity equivalent to jogging for 11.5 miles a week.
After six months, patients using the three-pronged approach had an average 9 percent improvement in oral glucose tolerance -- a measure of how readily the body processes sugar and an indicator used to predict progression to diabetes.
Among those who did exercise only, there was a 7 percent improvement in the moderate-intensity 11.5-mile group; a 5 percent improvement in the moderate-intensity, 7.5-mile group; and a 2 percent improvement in the vigorous-intensity 11.5-mile group.
"Another way to say it is that a high amount of moderate-intensity exercise alone provided nearly the same benefit on glucose tolerance that we see in the gold standard of fat and calorie restriction along with exercise," said study co-author Cris Slentz, an assistant professor of medicine at Duke.
High-intensity exercise tends to burn glucose more than fat, while moderate-intensity exercise tends to burn fat more than glucose, Kraus explained.
"We believe that one benefit of moderate-intensity exercise is that it burns off fat in the muscles," he said. "That's important because muscle is the major place to store glucose after a meal."
The study was published online July 15 in the journal Diabetologia.
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